* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;
}

body {
  background-color: #fff;
  color: #222;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* === Navbar Base === */
.navbar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 10px 0;
  transition: background-color 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
  background-color: transparent; /* start transparent */
}

/* When Scrolled */
.navbar.scrolled {
  background-color: #ffffff !important; /* override transparency */
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Navbar Layout */
.nav-container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 15px 40px;
}

/* Logo */
.nav-logo {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #526e7a;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Links */
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.nav-links a {
  margin-left: 25px;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #333;
  font-size: 1rem;
  transition: color 0.3s ease, border-bottom 0.3s ease;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  color: #0056b3;
}

.nav-links a.active {
  color: #0056b3;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #0056b3;
  padding-bottom: 2px;
}

/* Hamburger */
.hamburger {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 25px;
  height: 18px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.hamburger span {
  display: block;
  height: 3px;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}
/* Mobile Styles */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .hamburger {
    display: flex;
  }

  .nav-links {
    flex-direction: column;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: #fff;
    position: absolute;
    top: 60px;
    left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    max-height: 0;
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-15px);
    overflow: hidden;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: all 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.8, 0.25, 1);
  }

  .nav-links a {
    margin: 10px 0;
    text-align: center;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
    padding: 12px;
  }

  .nav-links.active {
    max-height: none;
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
    pointer-events: all;
  }

  /* Hamburger animation */
  .hamburger.open span:nth-child(1) {
  transform: rotate(45deg) translate(5px, 5px);
}

.hamburger.open span:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.hamburger.open span:nth-child(3) {
  transform: rotate(-45deg) translate(5px, -5px);
}
}


/* Layout */
.main-content {
  padding: 140px 20px;
}

.container {
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.container h1{
  text-align: center;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
}

.profile-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 40px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.image-column img {
  width: 300px;              /* Larger width */
  height: auto;              /* Keep full proportions */
  border-radius: 8px;        /* Optional: slightly rounded corners */
  object-fit: contain;       /* Ensures full image shows */
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.info-column {
  flex: 1;
  align-self: center;
}

.name {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #222;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.designation {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #444;
  margin: 4px 0;
}

.affiliation {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #555;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.text-column {
  text-align: justify;
  line-height: 1.8;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #333;
}

/* Responsive behavior */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .profile-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .image-column img {
    width: 90%;
    height: auto;
  }

  .info-column {
    text-align: center;
  }
}


/* ---------- RESEARCH PAGE ---------- */
.research-page {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 60px auto;
  padding: 20px;
}

.research-section {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.left-column {
  flex: 1 1 25%;
  min-width: 200px;
}

.left-column h3 {
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #444;
}

.right-column {
  flex: 1 1 70%;
}

.right-column ol {
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.right-column li {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.right-column a {
  color: #007acc;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.right-column a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

hr {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
  margin: 40px 0;
}

/* Responsive layout for mobile */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .research-section {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .left-column, .right-column {
    flex: 1 1 100%;
  }

  .left-column h3 {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
}


/* Research section */
.paper {
  margin-bottom: 50px;
}

.paper h2 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #444;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.paper-title {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #222;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.paper-authors {
  font-style: italic;
  color: #666;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.abstract-title {
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-top: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: #333;
}

.abstract-text {
  color: #333;
  line-height: 1.7;
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    padding: 0 15px;
  }
}

/* Contact page styles */
.contact-container {
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: center;
}

.contact-info {
  margin-top: 20px;
  line-height: 1.8;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: #333;
}

.contact-info a {
  color: #0056b3;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.contact-info a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.contact-links {
  margin: 15px 0;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.cv-button {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 25px;
  padding: 12px 26px;
  background-color: #0056b3;
  color: #fff !important;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}

.cv-button:hover {
  background-color: #003d80;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Teaching page styles */
.teaching-item {
  background-color: #fafafa; /* white box */
  border: 1px solid #ddd; /* light gray border */
  border-radius: 10px; /* soft corners */
  padding: 20px; /* space inside the box */
  margin-bottom: 25px; /* space between boxes */
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); /* subtle shadow */
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease; /* smooth hover effect */
}

.teaching-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); /* elevate on hover */
}

.teaching-item h2 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.teaching-item .institution {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #0077b6; /* optional highlight color */
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.teaching-item p {
  color: #555;
  line-height: 1.6;
}


@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .teaching-item {
    padding-left: 10px;
  }
}

/* References Page Layout */
.references-container {
  text-align: center;
}

.references-title{
  padding-bottom: 40px;
}

.reference-top {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.reference-bottom {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 40px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.reference {
  background: #fafafa;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 20px;
  max-width: 300px;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  text-align: left;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.reference:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}

.reference h2 {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #222;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.reference .title {
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #444;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
}

.reference .institution {
  color: #555;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.reference p {
  color: #333;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.reference a {
  color: #0056b3;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.reference a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .reference-bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 20px;
  }
}

/* Footer Styles */
.site-footer {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
  padding: 25px 20px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #333;
  margin-top: 60px;
}

.footer-container a {
  color: #0056b3;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-container a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.footer-links {
  margin: 10px 0;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.footer-note {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #555;
  margin-top: 10px;
}

/* Responsive footer */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .footer-container {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
  }
}


/* Media page styles */
.media-item {
  margin-top: 40px;
  padding: 20px;
  border-left: 4px solid #0056b3;
  background: #fafafa;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.media-item h2 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #222;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.publication-meta {
  font-style: italic;
  color: #555;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.media-description {
  color: #333;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.media-link a {
  color: #0056b3;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.media-link a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.conference-section {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 30px auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
}

.conference-section h2 {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  color: #111;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.conference-item {
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.conference-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.conference-header h3 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #0056b3;
  margin: 0;
}

.conference-date {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #666;
  font-style: italic;
}

.conference-item p {
  margin-top: 8px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #333;
}

hr {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid #eee;
  margin: 25px 0;
}


/* ===== CONTACT PAGE ===== */

.contact-section {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 30px auto;
  padding: 40px 20px;
  background: #f9f9f9;
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  text-align: center;
}

.contact-section h2 {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  margin-bottom: 25px;
  color: #111;
}

.contact-card p {
  margin: 8px 0;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: #333;
}

.contact-links {
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.contact-links a {
  color: #0056b3;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.contact-links a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.contact-links span {
  color: #888;
  margin: 0 6px;
}